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文章摘自杨永龙的《走进健康》

健康是人类生存极为重要的内容，它对于人类的发展，社会的变革，文化的更新，生活方式的改变，有着决定性的作用。那么，一个人怎样才算健康呢？ 1948年世界卫生组织明确规定：健康不仅是身体没有疾病，而且应当重视心理健康，只有身心健康、体魄健全，才是完整的健康。可见心理健康是人的健康不可分割的重要部分。怎样保持健康的身心呢？以下几点建议供你参考：

树立明确的生活目标
斯大林说：“只有伟大的目标，才能产生伟大的毅力”。目标是灯塔，目标是旗帜，一个人如果没有生活的目标，就只能在人生的征途上徘徊，永远达不到理想的彼岸，生活就显得平庸、乏味、无聊，就可能滋生各种有害健康的恶习。人生在世，需要追求的东西很多，但由于受到生活环境层次、社会文化情景层次和个人实际条件等主、客观因素的限制，往往是“熊掌和鱼”不可兼得。这就要求我们在现实生活中牢牢把握这样一个原则：要“鱼”，还是要“熊掌”，即确定明确的奋斗目标。如果没有固定的人生追求目标，一会儿要“鱼”，一会儿要“熊掌”，过一会儿“鱼”和“熊掌”都想要。但令人遗憾的是，一生生活得十分艰辛，却没有干成一件像样的事情。

寓言故事《白头翁》就形象地描绘了这样的人生：它听见黄鹂鸟歌唱得婉转动听，便跟黄鹂学唱歌，唱了一段时间，它嫌唱歌嗓子难受，便不学了；它又看见麻雀搭窝既美观又舒适，于是就跟麻雀学搭窝，后来它说：天天衔树枝，口衔烂了，翅膀也累断了，太没有意思了；它又跟老鹰学飞行，天天都在飞行，既单调又枯燥，它气馁了；后来它又跟猫头鹰学打猎，昼伏夜出，既看不见美丽的景色又一动不动地侧耳倾听猎物的动静，它学了几天就烦了…

白头翁干什么都虎头蛇尾，半途而废，头发白了还是一事无成。这个寓言故事深刻地揭示了，没有一个固定的人生目标，要成功是不可能的。同时，一个人的时间、精力都十分有限，要在有限的时间内实现人生的价值，求得较大的发展，取得一些令你神清气爽、其乐融融的成就，没有明确的目标就更不行。事实上，能够在这个世界上独领风骚，享受人生快乐，而健康生存的人，都是“咬定青山不放松”，专注于一事物而登上成功巅峰的人。由于有了明确的追求目标，他们的生活就变得充实而富有诗意，从而也有效地排除了各种消极情绪和外界的不良干扰，规律地生活与起居而精力充沛，生机勃勃。这是确保人生健康的最重要的精神力量。

拓展阅读：《怎样设定目标》系列
凡事宽以待人
《心灵导师•情绪管理》一书指出：付出，让你更健康。在当今世界，科学技术突飞猛进，知识经济已见端倪，竞争已达到了白热化的地步。明确目标，追求人生成功，纵然是获得健康的要素，但伸出援助之手，宽以待人，协手共进，却使人永远年轻、健康、快乐的“添加剂”。华德先生是美国最大通讯公司的广告和公共关系部门的主管，闲暇时，他为堪萨斯州感化院的“假释犯”当义工，为儿童之家募款，还捐出了14加仑的血液给州立血库，这一切令华德先生觉得：“我是个快乐的家伙！”他健康充实的人生说明了“宽以待人，行善乐施”能美化人生，抵抗生活压力。我们知道，心胸宽大的人较快乐。圣经说：播种什么，收割就收获什么。宽宏大量，无私助人，通常会得到一些你意想不到的珍贵的回赠：那就是我们助人时所引发的爱和感谢。爱和压力一样也有积累效果。美国医学家塞尔斯博士说，如果我们能囤积好的感觉，像燕子囤积食物过冬一样，我们也能安全稳妥地度过逆境，这些感觉在一切都不顺利时，提醒我们自己有良好的前景，而获得信心和勇气，这样生活就容易多了。

我国有许多好的道德格言，如：“爱邻如己，爱屋及乌”；“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”；“助人为乐”等等。关心别人是一种令人称道的美德，你从关心别人之中感受到自己并不孤单，自己被人们需要，你所献的爱心越多，你就会获得越多的快乐，你的身心也就越加健康。

养成良好的生活习惯
我国上古时代的奇书《黄帝内经》上说：“上古之人，其知道者，法于阴阳，和于数术，饮食有节，起居有常，不妄劳作，故能形与神俱，而尽终其天年，度百岁乃去”。这里特别强调了饮食有节，起居有常，要求人们养成良好的生活习惯。良好生活习惯会使人终生受益，其中对健康的价值更是不可低估！可是在现实生活中，有些同学对此却不以为然，他们无论是生活、娱乐、休息和学习都缺乏一种规律性，常常是心血来潮，忘乎所以，凡事都好走极端。例如，有人喜欢通宵达旦地看书、下棋、玩牌、跳舞，平时吃饭、睡眠都缺乏规律性等等。这对身体健康是有严重危害的。

早在二千年多前的春秋战国，我们的 “先圣至师”孔子就认识到了不良生活习惯对人健康的危害，他说：“人有三死，而非其命也，已取之也。夫寝处不适，饮食不节，劳逸过度，疾其杀之。”意思是说，人有三种死亡是不正常的，它不是上天的安排，而是不良生活习惯造成的。即：不能够按时睡眠，按时起床；不节制饮食，乱吃乱喝；无限制的游乐或劳逸过度；长此以往，疾病就会侵袭人身，而致人于死地。

现代科学研究证明，人体的生命活动是在生物钟的严格控制之下有节制地进行运转的。如果顺从它、遵循它，它就会使你容颜焕发，活力显现；如果不顺从它、违背它的规律行事，它就会使你形槁颜枯，生命暗淡甚至死亡。老子倡导“道法自然”，只有遵从自然规律，就能保持身体健康。为此，我们要在饮食，起居、学习、工作以及各种生活制度方面养成一种定时、定量的规律性，并保持始终。这样才能在大脑皮层建立良好的条件反射系统，进而保证身体各种生理功能发挥最佳效应。

拓展阅读：《一个月培养一个好习惯》

要有合理的营养构成
青少年正处于长身体的重要阶段，对各类营养物质都有特殊的要求。这一阶段，一方面由于身体活动量大，新陈代谢旺盛，学习、生活、劳动、体育锻炼都需要消耗较多的热量，因此，基本需热量高；另一方面，身体生长发育也需要提供额外的“原料”。在身体发育这一重要时期，保证糖、脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素和纤维素等基本营养的合理供给是十分重要的。合理的饮食应该是每餐八分饱，主、副食各占一半，主食宜粗细粮搭配；副食以 1：1：3的比例为宜，即动物蛋白（鸡、鸭、鱼、肉等）1份，植物蛋白（黄豆及各种豆制品）1份，蔬菜、水果3份。

保持青春活动力的秘诀在于运动
科学研究证明，通过体育活动可以促使头脑清醒，思维敏捷。因为体育运动能够使大脑获得积极性休息，改善大脑的供血状况，使大脑保持正常的工作能力；体育运动能够促进血液循环，提高心脏功能，特别是在运动时，冠状动脉的血流量要比安静时高10倍。国外一位生物学家实验发现，马拉松运动员的冠状动脉的直径要比一般人长1~2倍，这就是运动能预防冠性病的生理依据；运动还能改善呼吸系统的功能。由于肌肉活动时需氧量增加，呼吸加速、加深，这就促进了肺及其周围肌肉、韧带的发展和功能的提高；运动还可以使骨骼、肌肉结实有力。

实验证明：一般人的股骨只要承受300公斤的压力就会折断；但经常参加身体锻炼的人的股骨，可以承受350公斤的压力而不折断；运动还可以调节人的心理，使人朝气蓬勃，充满活力；经常锻炼身体还可以提高人体的适应能力和对疾病的抵抗力，能够防病治病，推迟衰老，使人健康长寿。对于我们学生来说，游泳、体操、长跑、武术，骑自行车以及各种球类活动都是极好的运动锻炼项目。在运动锻炼上，大家可以根据自己的兴趣爱好以及体质状况加以选择。在此，我要提醒大家在锻炼时要注意掌握以下两个要点：第一是适度，第二是持之以恒，坚持不懈。

必不可少的业余爱好
现代生活既紧张又繁忙，我们在繁忙和紧张的学习、工作和生活之余，找一个安静理想之地，从事一些自己感兴趣的事作为业余消遣活动，这对于调养心情、消除疲劳是很有好处的。如练练书法、玩玩乐器、画画、集邮、下围棋、象棋、搞点摄影、小制作等等，都是增进健康的理想项目，可根据自己的兴趣选择和培养。一旦认定，就要坚持下去，使它成为自己真正的兴趣爱好，并尽可能争取有新造诣。

塑造幽默乐天的性格
“幽默是日常生活愉快的添加剂，幽默是生活波涛中的救生圈”。事实上，能帮你打开紧锁的眉头，松散额上的皱纹，舒张紧缩的心肌，忘却生活中的烦恼，幽默是功不可没的。运用幽默调节身心健康是有其科学依据的。有医生在“无法治疗的病”的研究中发现：幽默和生理状态有很大的关联。幽默引起的大笑会使肌肉乱了步调，与肌肉有关的疼痛就可能在一阵大笑之后随之消失；大笑会刺激大脑分泌一种儿茶酚胺的荷尔蒙，这种荷尔蒙能引发“ 内啡素”的大量分泌，而起到自然止痛的效果；幽默地大笑会使全身肌肉舒展，进而舒张血管，使紧张充血的内脏器官得到缓解而有节律地张驰，获得积极地按摩。幽默更是拓展和改善人际关系的润滑剂。幽默乐天的性格，对于一个人的身心健康是极有好处的，但你要注意：幽默成为一种健康的引发和增长剂，它必须是创造性和建设性的。而不是攻击性和诽谤性的。因此，必须排除诽谤和讥诮，不能把自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦或尴尬之上。

针对幽默的运用，欧森医师提醒说：幽默有三个层次，一是冷嘲热讽，但这是破坏性的，也是不可取的。二是出人意料的双关语，这有积极正面的性质。三是普世性幽默，就是一种对于人生似是而非的真理与人生荒谬唐突之现象的赏析，这也是积极、建设性的。有这种幽默的人可能会更有弹性，能屈能伸，成方成圆，收放自如；更能够蔑视困难，昂首阔步，面对现实，泰然自若地度过生活中的挫折和失败。如相声泰斗马三立、马季的生活经历就说明了这一点。

为了你的健康，为了你生活得有滋有味且妙趣横生，请你注意培养和塑造健康、健美、健全的心灵和躯体吧！

COPY FROM http://www.mifengtd.cn/articles/how-to-have-a-heathy-life-style.html

眼科医生建议PC屏幕不要用白色，因为白色对眼睛的刺激是最大的，眼科医生推荐的颜色是淡绿色！只要稍微设置一下，就能让电脑的窗口从白花花的颜色变成淡淡的绿色。设置方法：

打开控制面板中的(或右击桌面空白处>属性>)
显示 – 外观 – 高级(D)，然后在 项目(I) 那栏选窗口，再点颜色－其它，然后把色调设为85，饱和度设为90，亮度设为205，点击确定。

We first make our habits, and then our habits make us – John Dryden

I have previously written about how the habit of Exercising Every Day has helped me tremendously. Doing something every day is such a powerful way to form a habit that I thought I would make a list of 24 habits that are worth doing on a daily basis. Note: I have divided these into morning, day and night although some could obviously be under different headings.
The Morning
1. Wake Early: I am a big fan of waking at 5am and spending time working on myself before going to work. I have written more about this habit here.

2. Exercise: when I had the goal of exercising 4 times a week I found it was very easy to tell myself I will exercise tomorrow instead. Setting the expectation of daily exercise removed this as a potential excuse and I have since reaped the benefits of this daily habit.

3. Review or (even better) Rewrite Your Goals: each day I try to get closer to achieving my short, medium and long term goals. Starting the day by reviewing or rewriting my goals means that I have better awareness of them throughout the day. As Robin Sharma says:

With better awareness you can make better choices and when you make better choices, you will see better results.

4. Read and/ or Listen to Motivational Material: in the morning a whole day of endless possibilities lies ahead. I motivate myself to play my best game by reading and listening to inspirational books/ audiobooks.

5. Visualise the Day Ahead: I like to take a few minutes to shut my eyes and visualise what I want happen in the coming day. It’s amazing how often my desires become reality when I do this.

6. Write a “To Do” list: I like to write out a list in my diary of the important tasks I need to do that day. As they are completed I put a line through them. So simple, yet so effective.

7. Check the News Headlines: I think it’s important to have an idea of what is happening in our community and the world. Also if don’t at least check the main stories, I find it is easy to feel left out of conversations throughout the day.

8. Take a Multivitamin: I try to eat a well balanced diet, but taking a multivitamin daily reassures me that I obtaining the proper amount of vitamins and minerals that I need (**Update: see comments).

9. Tidy Up: a cluttered house can lead to a cluttered mind and fuzzy thinking. I find it’s best to stay on top of things by tidying up each day.

10. Take Time to Look Good: it’s a reality of life that people judge us by our appearance. I take a few minutes each morning to ensure I go out into the world looking the best I can.

The Day

11. Put First Things First: Many people have their day controlled by tasks that are urgent , but not necessarily important. Examples include interruptions, some email and some phone calls. The habit of putting first things first is about organising and executing your life around your deepest priorities.

12. Connect with Nature: I find spending time outdoors in nature is great for my sense of wellbeing. I have written about this here.

13. Blog: blogging makes me think and write – two things that I can’t get enough of each day. I have written more about the benefits of blogging here.

14. Snack Well: I substitute the chips, candy and chocolate with fruit, vegetables (carrots and celery are great to chomp on) and nuts.

15. Be Proactive: being proactive means showing initiative and taking the responsibility to make things happen. Whenever I want something to happen, I ask myself: what can I do to make this happen?

16. Ping a Friend: I try to send a quick email or text to a friend each day. It’s a great way to stay in touch with friends when I am extremely busy.

17. Save: I save at least 10% of each paycheck. A great way to find the money to save is to break it down to a daily amount, for example $10-15. By taking account of the Latte Factor I find it easy to save this much.

18. Have Family Time: on a typical workday I won’t see much of my partner and son, so I believe it’s important to, at the very least, be there most evenings. Family time is about quantity and quality.

19. Floss: This is essential to reduce tooth decay and gum disease. Why wouldn’t you want to have the best smile possible?

20. Wind Down: I try to switch off the computer and the TV about 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime and let my brain have some down time after a long day. I sleep far more peacefully when I do this.

21. Review My Day: I find this is a great way to hold myself to account for taking action throughout the day. Did I get closer to achieving my goals? Did I complete my to do list? Did my day go as planned? If not, why not?

22. Read: I love to read and do so continuously throughout the day. I find it is especially good to read just before to going to bed. Just makes sure it’s a relaxing book, and not one about nuclear physics (see habit #20).

23. Say I Love You to My Family Members: don’t just assume that your family members know you love them. I say these words to my partner and son at least once per day.

24. Go to Bed At A Reasonable Time: the first habit of this list (waking early) begins by going to bed at a reasonable time and getting a good nights sleep.

From http://www.thechangeblog.com/24-daily-habits/

When you were a child, you may have been told to “Stand up straight!” or “Don’t slouch!” from your parents and teachers. I remember when I was younger, my mother would poke my back out of nowhere to remind me to stand up straight. I hated this as a teen and was determined to rebel for no reason other than to be stubborn and go against what I was told. My purposeful slouching eventually turned into a habit and carried with me into adulthood.

Now that I’m older, I understand why my mother was so insistent. My poor posture now makes me feel:

Pain in my back and shoulders.
I am breathing shallowly.
I appeared to lack self confidence.
Energy was not flowing efficiently throughout my body. I was often tired.
It made me look and feel weak.
I have spent much time correcting the damage, and undeveloped muscles, from my rebellious teen years. Like any habit, breaking bad posture can be a challenge, but definitely doable with some attention and practice.

Many of us may like to improve our posture, but we often don’t know how, or where to start.

Posture 101
Posture is defined as the carriage of the body. Good posture means carrying your body in a way that puts the least strain on muscles and ligaments. Poor posture can cause pain in the back and neck, and eventually causes injury. Improving your posture is a great way to improve your image while at the same time improving your health.

First, let’s go over some of the things that contribute to poor posture. Most of them are fixable, and others (like pregnancy) eventually go away on their own.

Poor habits – sitting and standing incorrectly (this is me)
Weakened muscles
Obesity – The extra weight strains the muscles
Pregnancy
Improper shoes – high heeled shoes are the worst
Reduced muscle and joint flexibility
Benefits of Good Posture
Good posture is beneficial to your health in several ways. Standing and sitting correctly prevents strain and overuse, and helps prevent back, neck, and muscle pain. Good posture also helps the muscles work more efficiently, which helps prevent fatigue. Most importantly, I have found that I can breathe deeply from my belly (my core). The energy I get from a deep breath is what keeps me going during the day.

The physical benefits are many, but there are other side benefits to good posture. When you stand properly, the body looks aligned, looks slimmer, and generally looks better. Good posture can also help you feel more confident – because you look and feel better, your confidence increases.

Most of us work at a desk or on a computer, and it’s very easy to slip into poor sitting habits. If your body posture is not aligned, eventually you will experience pain. Make sure you follow proper techniques for sitting, standing, and lifting. These seem obvious, but let’s list them to reflect.

Sitting – Sit with your shoulders back and back straight. Your legs should be at a 90 degree angle to your body. Keep your neck, back, and heels in alignment. Avoid the urge to slouch at your desk!
Standing – When standing, hold your head up straight and chin slightly tucked in. Keep your shoulder blades back, chest forward, and stomach tucked in. Keep most of your weight on the balls of the feet and not the heels or toes. Your arms should hang down naturally.
Lifting – Lifting something off the ground by bending over forces your back to do most of the lifting and puts a strain on the lower back. The proper way to lift is to bend at the knees and not the waist. This forces your leg muscles to do most of the work.
Keep Your Spine Straight: In general, try to keep your spine as straight as possible at all times. No matter what you’re doing, if you’re conscious of the alignment of your back and neck, you will notice that your posture will improve.
Simple Stretches to Loosen Your Back Muscles

Lower back cat stretch: This stretch is done on all fours, fingers facing forward. Start by dropping your head and raising your back as you push the shoulder blades upward. Repeat in the opposite direction by pushing your chest downward, arching your lower back.
Knees to chest: While lying on your back, pull both knees to the chest with your hands behind your knees. Keep your tailbone on the floor and hold this stretch for at least 15 seconds.
Shoulder blade squeeze: Have arms straight out in front of you at shoulder height. Now swing both arms horizontally towards your back, like you are trying to reconnect your fingers behind your back. Swing your arms back to the front. Do this motion slowly several times.
Shoulder blade lift: Have arms straight out in front of you at shoulder height. Now swing both arms vertically in opposite directions. Keep arms straight. Do this motion slowly several times.
The Core Twist: Hold arms out, bent at shoulder height. Feet planted on the ground, toes facing forward. Keeping your hips facing forward, twist your upper body towards the back (try to look behind you). Twist from side to side. Twist baby! Twist!
Exercises to Strengthen Your Back Muscles
Any type of exercise will benefit you by improving muscle endurance and increasing strength. Exercises that strengthen your core are the most helpful for improving and building the muscles that lead to good posture. Your core is your torso – shoulders to hips – the source of all your strength to your limbs. Here are three exercises that help improve posture:

Back extensions: Lying face down on the floor with hands behind head. Slowly lift your upper body a few inches off the ground and hold for 5 seconds. Slowly lower to the ground. Repeat 10 – 12 times.
Superman: Lying face down on the floor, lift your right arm and left leg off the floor several inches. Hold for two seconds and then lower. Repeat with left arm and right leg. Do 10-12 repetitions.
Shoulder Squeeze: Lift shoulders toward ears and squeeze together, holding the position for five seconds. Relax and repeat 3-5 times.

Tips for Good Posture

Pad Your Chair – Consider adding lumbar support pad to your office chair. I have a pretty economical cotton pad for my office chair. In fact, I use two of these. This drives other people crazy, since there isn’t much room on the chair, but it’s great for my posture.
Push Butt Towards Back of Chair – When sitting, I find it helpful to remind myself to shift my butt towards the back of the chair. This helps to prevent me from slouching, as long as I continue to lean forward.
Sit on Tip of Chair – When you are sitting on the tip of your chair, you are further from the back of the chair so you are less likely to lean against the back support and slouch.
Breaks & Use of Timer – if you are sitting down most of the day, make a point to get up for breaks often. I set a timer for 40 minutes, when it goes off, I stop working, get up and stretch. Alternatively, go for a walk.
Exercise Ball – Try replacing your chair with an exercise ball. Lean, mean and cost-effective. The exercise ball makes a nice tool for stretching out your back as well. Two birds with one stone, that’s how I roll! (haha, get it? Roll with a ball?) :)
Do you have any posture advice for us? Tips that’s worked in your life? Share with us in the comments. See you there.

From http://thinksimplenow.com/health/dont-break-your-back-tips-to-healthy-posture/

         每天睡满八小时、运动三次、吃五种蔬果……听起来像个辛苦的全职工作。但据最新一期台湾《康健》杂志报道，研究发现，仅仅在90秒内做出改变，就能让你离健康更进一步。　

         增强免疫力
　　1.吃苹果要吃皮。美国康奈尔大学研究发现，苹果皮有很多化学物质，能抑制乳癌、肝癌、直肠癌细胞发展。
　　2.深呼吸。《摆脱压力》的作者纽伦博格博士建议，应学习婴儿的呼吸：缓慢、平稳而且深沉。呼吸时用胸腔与腹部之间的横膈膜，而不要用胸腔。
　　3.吃菇。美国华盛顿药草研究所发现，菇能增加白血球的数量与活力。
　　4.做白日梦。白日梦让愉快的画面 从脑海飘过，能增加免疫细胞的数目。
　　5.大笑。研究发现，在观赏一小时电视爆笑节目后，身体内的免疫化学物质会明显增加。
　　延缓衰老
　　1.伸展一下。坐在办公桌前就可以伸展。身体坐直，双手交扣，放在面前，吐气时，将双手高举，越高越好。
　　2.排队时踮脚尖。老化从腿开始。试着在排队时，偷偷踮起脚尖，与肩同宽、微弯膝盖，将注意力放在下腹部，以保护下背部。保持10秒钟，再轻轻放下。
　　3.泡杯绿茶。英国纽卡索大学发现，多喝茶可以抑制脑部老化酵素的分泌，减少罹患老年痴呆症的风险。
　　4.打电话给好友。每周至少参加一次社交活动的人，活得比较长。美国加州大学洛杉矶分校流行病学教授希曼说，只要打电话给一个朋友，马上就可以降低血压。
　　5.擦护手霜并戴上戒指。护手霜里的保湿成分能使胶原蛋白增生，也能让手背的血管比较不明显。美国还有研究发现，人们会以为戴戒指或擦指甲油的人更年轻。
　　6.抬起你的头。可以紧实脖子的肌肉，也能避免双下巴。
　　预防疾病
　　1.喝加奶咖啡取代黑咖啡。美国华盛顿州立大学人类营养学教授梅西称，这些堆着白泡沫的咖啡不仅减少罪恶感，也能减少因咖啡因而流失的钙。
　　2.爬楼梯”好”上”坏”下。频繁使用的膝关节会先退化，如果膝盖有酸痛现象，要减少上下楼的次数，上楼时好膝盖先上、下楼时坏膝盖先下。
　　3.亲吻你爱的人。美国牙医学会发言人莫瑞医师说，亲吻增加唾液，可以清除导致蛀牙的细菌。
　　远离压力
　　1.告诉家人，你有多爱他。有稳固家庭关系的人，会比缺少情感联系的人更能处理压力。
　　2.喝杯洋甘菊茶。德黑兰大学医学院研究发现，洋甘菊茶等花草茶有抗焦虑的效果，却没有药的副作用。
　　3.说谢谢。美国罗耀拉大学社会心理学教授布莱恩特说，快乐也许来自一封邀请函、或陌生人帮忙拉门。对你的朋友、陌生人说”谢谢”，会让你建立感激的态度，从此习惯凡事感恩。
　　4.睡前关掉电视。日本大阪大学调查5875个成年人发现，每晚睡前看电视或用电脑超过3.5小时的人，比时间不到2.5小时的人，睡眠质量差了两倍。
　　5.闻闻薰衣草。研究发现，闻薰衣草5分钟，可使压力减少24％，还能清除致癌、老化的自由基。